China has begun construction on what will be the world's largest hydropower dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, a $167 billion project that could surpass the Three Gorges Dam in scale and output. The dam is intended to boost China's renewable energy capacity and green finance, but it has triggered serious concerns in downstream countries, especially India and Bangladesh, over water security, potential diversion of river flow, and environmental impacts. Critics also highlight the lack of transparency, consultation, and compensation for affected communities, as well as risks to biodiversity and forced relocations. The project is seen as a geopolitical flashpoint, with India wary of China's control over a river that becomes the Brahmaputra and supports millions of people. Meanwhile, Chinese markets and construction-related industries have responded positively, anticipating economic and industrial benefits from the massive infrastructure push.
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